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Start from first principles, habitualize the “The Five Whys”.
Analogous problems have often already been solved in other industries - look and learn before you build. If you’re a startup, utilise established and trusted 3rd-party solutions to shortcut development time until you have found product-market fit, and have acquired enough capital and resource to optimise.
Companies that aren’t right now devoting resources to exploring how AI might augment or replace core product functions will be disrupted out of existence.
User stories and customer personas can be useful when considering the entire CX journey, particularly marketing and the buy decision. However, when it comes to product design and understanding users, I don’t find Agile user stories and personas to be particularly useful. The way people use (or want to use) software is based on their current goal, not their job role or personality type. I much prefer the JTBD framework (the Intercom / Bob Moesta version).
How personas and user stories fail is succinctly illustrated here.
Sales teams are important for Enterprise sales, and good Marketing is both crucial and difficult, but both departments jobs’ are much easier if the product is best-in-class. And the only way to achieve that is by being product led.
I’m in favour of a combined quantitative, qualitative, and intuition based approach, and you can uncover a lot just from user interviews and observational studies. Unless you have 50-100k+ users and a dedicated data science department, A/B tests are expensive, slow, and prone to error and misunderstanding. At smaller scales I would generally only use A/B tests for “big bets”.